Key Points: Design is a deliberate process that requires focused attention. The concept of "design thinking" as a structured approach to problem-solving. The influence of Herbert Simon's "The Sciences of the Artificial" on design principles. The distinction between internal and external environments of an artificial system. The role of heuristics in design and the importance of considering alternatives. Core Message: Design is not just about aesthetics but also functionality and user experience. A focus on "what ought to be" is essential in creating innovative solutions. Understanding the internal and external environments of a system is crucial for effective design. Heuristics can be helpful but should not be relied on exclusively. Call to Action: Encourage listeners to adopt a design-thinking mindset in their work. Emphasize the importance of considering the user experience and needs. Explore the various frameworks and tools available for design thinking. Additional Notes: The episode references influential figures in the field of design thinking. The concept of "the way things ought to be" is central to the discussion. The episode highlights the importance of a user-centered approach to design. Possible Follow-up Topics: The role of creativity and innovation in design. The challenges of designing for complex systems. The impact of technology on design and user experience.